June 3, 2024

يتحدى الفوضى والانقسامات .. عائلة فنان ليبي تحول منزلها إلى متحف

للوهلة الأولى، تبدو فيلا الفنان الليبي الراحل علي قانه في ضواحي العاصمة طرابلس دارة عادية، لكنها في الواقع زاخرة بأعماله التي تتوزع في أرجاء المنزل، إذ إن عائلته حولته متحفًا فريدًا من نوعه. ففي الدولة الإفريقية الشمالية التي لا تزال إلى اليوم تعاني الانقسامات والصراعات منذ الإطاحة بمعمر القذافي عام 2011،

“يأتي الفن في المرتبة الأخيرة“، على حد قول هادية قانه، أصغر أبناء الفنان الأربعة.

وعملت كريمة الفنان طوال نحو 10 سنوات بمساعدة أصدقاء ومتطوعين على تحويل منزل العائلة الذي صممه وبناه والدها قبل وفاته في 2006 عن 70 عامًا، إلى “المتحف الأول والوحيد للفن المعاصر في ليبيا“.

مشروع “بيت علي قانه“

ويهدف مشروع “بيت علي قانه” الذي افتُتِح أخيرًا هذه السنة بعد طول انتظار ويعبق بالذكريات، إلى أن يكون عنوانًا للأمل في بلد معرّض باستمرار للعنف وعدم الاستقرار، وتعاني فيه الفنون والثقافة إهمالاً كبيرًا.

و“يُنظر إلى هذا الأمر على أنه غير ضروري“، بحسب هادية قانه التي لاحظت أن المعارض الفنية في بلدها الذي مزقته الحرب غالبًا ما تركز فقط على بيع الأعمال بدلاً من جعل الفن في متناول الجميع.

ويعبر زوار المتحف حديقة خضراء مزهرة ليصلوا إلى المعرض الدائم لنتاج علي قانه، من لوحات ومنحوتات ورسوم تخطيطية، في حين خُصِصَت الغرف الأخرى لإقامة معارض لفنانين آخرين وندوات وورش عمل.

وأشارت هادية قانه إلى أن حاوية شحن قديمة جهّزت لاحتضان فنانين زوار و“منظمي معارض وعلماء متاحف“، وأنه يندر في ليبيا الذين يتمتعون بمهاراتهم.

“لا حواجز“

فالفنانون الليبيون كانوا طويلاً في ظل حكم القذافي الذي دام أكثر من أربعة عقود، عُرضة لقيود كانت تحد من حريتهم الإبداعية، إذ كانت الرقابة مفروضة عليهم، وكانوا مضطرين إلى ممارسة الرقابة الذاتية.

وقالت قانه البالغة 50 عامًا وهي نفسها فنانة خزفيات: “لم نكن نستطيع التعبير عن أنفسنا في السياسة أو انتقادها“، مع أن الفن “يجب ألا يكون خاضعًا لحواجز“.

ومع أن “بيت علي قانه” يبدو غير مرتبط بزمن، وأرادته عائلته واحة مسالمة للفكر والروح، وضعت هنا وهناك تذكيرًا بآلام الحرب وعلامات الاضطرابات التي أعقبت الإطاحة بالقذافي ومقتله.

وتتدلى مثلاً لافتة مرورية أحدث فيها الرصاص ثقوبًا من البوابة التي تفصل المتحف عن المسكن الخاص.

وتتوزع قذائف هاون مقلوبة رأسًا على عقب بين أزهار الحديقة، تُقدّم عليها للزوار المشروبات الباردة وقهوة الإسبريسو الإيطالية، إذ أقامت هادية في المكان نسخة طبق الأصل عن مقهى جدها سعيد في المدينة القديمة بطرابلس.

وخلال الاضطرابات التي بدأت عام 2011، وجدت هادية قانه نفسها بمفردها في بيت أبيها وكانت تخشى “خسارة كل شيء إذا سقط صاروخ على المنزل“.

ومن هنا جاءت فكرة إنشاء متحف على أمل الحفاظ على أعمال والدها الثمينة وأرشيفه.

“مكان يثير الفضول“

لكن القتال المتقطع، وانقطاع المياه والكهرباء، والعزلة القسرية بسبب جائحة كوفيد، شكلت صعوبات متراكمة حالت دون مواصلة المشروع فيما فضّلت الأسرة عدم الاتكال على أموال المستثمرين أو رجال الأعمال أو حتى الحكومة، بغية الحفاظ على استقلالية المشروع.

وقالت ابنة الفنان إن المنزل تحول تدريجيا إلى مركز ثقافي يجسّد ما نادى به علي قانه وهو “التعليم والتربية من خلال الفن“.

وأوضحت أنه “ليس ضريحًا” لذكرى الفنان، بل مركزًا للإبداع والتعليم.

وفي محفوظات الفنان الراحل أيضًا توثيق للحِرَف والمهن التقليدية التي اندثر بعضها بالكامل في الوقت الراهن.

وقال أكبر أبنائه، مهدي، المقيم في هولندا: إن “الحرف اليدوية أصبحت طوال 40 عامًا نشاطًا محظورًا في ليبيا “، إذ إن القذافي، بعد تنفيذه انقلابه عام 1969 واستيلائه على السلطة، فرض حظرًا على كل المؤسسات الخاصة، فأمر بإغلاق المحال والمصانع.

وأوضح أن والده انكبّ خلال حياته على “بناء أرشيف من أجل ربط ماضي ليبيا بمستقبل محتمل“.

وقالت الأم جانين رابيو قانه، وهي فرنسية تولت التدريس في المدرسة الفرنسية بطرابلس وتبرعت بمكتبة العائلة للمتحف: “إن طبيعة الأسرة” هي حفظ المعرفة ومشاركتها مع الآخرين.

وإذ ذكّرت بأن المتاحف يُفترض أن تكون مساحات للتعليم، لاحظت أن “هذه الفكرة غير موجودة بعد في ليبيا“.

وشرحت أنها أرادت “تجنُّب جَعلِه متحفًا تقليديًا حيث كل شيء جامد“.

وأضافت: “أردت شيئًا مفعمًا بالحيوية، ومرحًا، ولكن قبل كل شيء، مكانًا يثير الفضول“.

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