10 years ago, a number of Arab countries from Tunisia in North Africa to Syria in the Middle East, erupted in waves of protests expressing the people’s discontentment with their socio-political and economic conditions and particularly with the ruling regimes. However, most states that experienced upheavals and revolutions succumbed to counterrevolutionary forces, as did Egypt, or spiraled into Civil War in the case of Syria, Libya, and Yemen.
The fall from the high expectations for democratization led many analysts to conclude that these uprisings were failures, and that elite grasp on power was too strong to break. However, these inflection points profoundly changed their societies, and the renegotiation of state-society relationships is in many ways misperceived.
SPEAKERS
Amy Austin Holmes – Former Fellow; International Affairs Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations
Marina Ottaway – Middle East Fellow; Former Senior Research Associate and Head of the Middle East Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Asher Orkaby – Fellow; Research Scholar, Transregional Institute, Princeton University
Anas El Gomati – Founder and General Director, Sadeq Institute
INTRODUCTION
Merissa Khurma – Program Director, Middle East Program
MODERATOR
Liz Sly – Beirut Bureau Chief, The Washington Post
***
Selected Quotes
Amy Austin Holmes, International Affairs Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and Wilson Center Fellow
“There are three examples where I would say we fell short in the United States and in the West, the first clear example is after the 2013 coup and the removal of Morsi, we did not uphold our own values and even apply our own laws, which would have required us to immediately suspend military aid to Egypt—we did not do that after the coup in July, 2013. We waited until after the Rabaa Massacre and then a review began of military aid later in the fall.”
“Now with the new Biden administration it looks like the promotion of democracy may once again become a priority which it was not frankly for the Trump administration.”
“The Nubian minority actually has managed to wrest concessions even under the Sisi regime, so after 2013 a new constitution was written in 2014 and due to the activism of the Nubian minority which has been marginalized for decades in Egypt since the time of Nasser when they were forcibly displaced multiple times from their villages along the Nile due to the building of dams. Nubia was essentially submerged under the waters of Lake Nasser.
In 2014, due to the activism of Nubian activists they were actually able to achieve recognition in the 2014 Egyptian constitution of Nubia, so the word ‘Nubia’ appears in the Egyptian constitution of 2014 which prior to that was not the case and some of their historic grievances were recognized.”
Marina Ottaway, Middle East Fellow
“What I see is the beginning of a process that was bound to be messy, that was bound to be difficult, that was bound to have setbacks but yet, has been set into motion.”
“It’s not accidental that the only country where things really took a positive turn was Tunisia, that had trade unions that were really strongly embedded in the country—it was a real organization that could compete with the people in power.
In most of the rest of the Arab countries there are no such organizations and as a result the process is bound to be very messy and very lengthy.”
“One of the weaknesses of the protest movement in Arab countries is that the youth reject organization, reject hierarchies, they don’t want to have formal leadership. Well, it’s very admirable—you know, ideologically—but it’s not a recipe for success.”
Asher Orkaby, Princeton University’s Transregional Institute and Wilson Center Fellow
“Yemen’s unification in 1990 between north and south was actually very tenuous and Saleh’s removal from power and the absence of central authority demonstrated this very clearly.”
“This is not a conflict about Iran and Saudi Arabia, it’s not just the revolution that toppled a regime, but this is really Yemenis crying out through the revolution for a regime change and sometimes that regime change takes a long time and the Yemen of the future will not be the united Yemen of the past.”
“A Saudi official had come to the Kennedy School and spoke and I had the audacity to ask him—at the time this was 2010—‘So what keeps you up at night? What’s your greatest nightmare?’ and he said, ‘It’s not one nightmare, but it’s 29 million nightmares and they’re called Yemenis.’ And what he meant by that in further extrapolation is that the greatest nightmare for the gulf monarchies is this massive public uprising and protest because by nature they run an exclusionary political system run by these young dictators in their early thirties.”
Anas El Gomati, Founder and General Director, Sadeq Institute
“It was this peculiar moment after the fall of Mohamed Morsi of Egypt, that began this kind of domino effect across the region where authoritarianism really, kind of grew some teeth, we can’t wrench Libya from its context […] remember there are other authoritarian powers in the world—Russia, also China—that grew teeth in the last decade as well.”
“It’s very sad when one looks at Egypt—it was almost inevitable to a certain degree that the deep state that was there was going to be reactivated in moments. There was a smoke and mirrors effect I would assume in the moments of June 13th, and early July, but in Libya it took months and years of planning.”
“It’s women that sparked and led the revolution and in fact there have been many instances in Libya’s last decade where they have been potentially the only beacon of light in terms of the political progress.”
______________
СХТ дает возможность выгодно купить высокоточные автовесы. Оформление заказа довольно легко проходит. Изделия высочайшим стандартам качества соответствуют. Автомобильные измерительные приборы просты в использовании. Доставим их в любую точку РФ и ближнего зарубежья. Ищете автомобильные весы 100 тонн цена? Cxt.su – здесь есть о компании видео-презентация. Завод приличный номенклатурный ряд продукции предоставляет. Мы для сотрудничества всегда открыты, как с постоянными клиентами, так и с новыми заказчиками. Позвоните нашему менеджеру по телефону для дополнительной консультации.
Запой представляет собой серьёзную угрозу для здоровья, так как сопровождается тяжелой интоксикацией и нарушениями в психоэмоциональном состоянии. Решение о лечении в стационаре клиники «Союз Здоровья» позволяет эффективно бороться с последствиями длительного употребления алкоголя, предоставляя комплексную медицинскую и психологическую помощь.
Подробнее тут – [url=https://vyvod-iz-zapoya-11.ru/vivod-iz-zapoya-v-stacionare-v-voronezhe/]vyvod iz zapoya v stacionare anonimno [/url]
Алкогольная интоксикация, или запой, представляет собой крайне опасное состояние, при котором организм страдает от токсического воздействия алкоголя. Это ведет к нарушению нормальных физиологических процессов и ухудшению общего состояния здоровья. Капельница от запоя — это медицинская процедура, направленная на выведение токсинов из организма и восстановление нормальной функции организма при соблюдении полной конфиденциальности.
Выяснить больше – [url=https://vyvod-iz-zapoya-21.ru/]vyvod iz zapoya[/url]
Клиника «Освобождение» в Рязани предоставляет услугу круглосуточного вывода из запоя на дому, что позволяет пациенту получить медицинскую помощь в привычной обстановке, избегая лишнего стресса, связанного с госпитализацией.
Узнать больше – [url=https://vyvod-iz-zapoya-13.ru/]вывод из запоя рязань[/url]
Лучшие советы по выбору металлической входной двери, идеально впишется в интерьер.
Лучшие магазины с широким выбором входных металлических дверей.
входная дверь [url=https://dver-metallicheskaya.ru/]дверь металлическая[/url] .
Что учесть при выборе входной металлической двери.
5 основных причин купить металлическую входную дверь.
Сравнение входных металлических дверей различных брендов.
Ищете юридическую помощь для автовладельцев? Зайдите на сайт https://okofinance.ru/ где вы сможете ознакомиться с нашими услугами, такими как: обжалование различных видов штрафов, штрафов за перегруз, штрафов за парковку, обжалование штрафов ФАС, ФНС, Госстройнадзора. Специалисты с многолетним опытом обязательно вам помогут. Подробнее на сайте.
Рады вас видеть на официальном сайте Лексус https://lexus-axsel.ru/ где вы найдете информацию обо всем модельном ряде автомобилей Лексус, их характеристики, комплектации, стоимость. Посмотрите автомобили в наличии и наши спецпредложения, а также возможность записаться на сервис онлайн. Загляните в раздел автомобилей с пробегом на которые дается гарантия.
For anyone looking for an easy way to download Metamask and use it safely, https://download.metaredi.org/ is the best resource. Their guides help both beginners and advanced users navigate the setup process efficiently.
I wasn’t sure how to install Metamask on Chrome, but https://metamaker.org/#metamask-download helped me understand the process. The site is very informative, making it easy to follow even for beginners like me.
Strips, profiles and seals for sealing rooms or spaces in devices and equipment teplica-parnik.net
На сайте https://t.me/s/pure_mobile вы сможете ознакомиться с информацией, которая касается популярного приложения «PURE.APP», созданного для того, чтобы найти партнера. Только на этом канале публикуются самые последние данные из этого сообщества. Поэтому подписывайтесь, чтобы узнать первым новости сообщества. Здесь каждый получает возможность найти для себя партнера для насыщенной сексуальной жизни. Специально для вас знакомства, за которые вам не будет стыдно! Анкеты регулярно обновляются, чтобы вы нашли человека в соответствии со своими предпочтениями.
MetaMask Extension provides the best DeFi experience. I trust it for secure token swaps and seamless smart contract interactions.
MetaMask Chrome makes blockchain access seamless. I can connect to dApps and interact with DeFi platforms in just a few clicks.
Read now.
cost of cheap lisinopril without prescription
A global name with a reputation for excellence.
A pharmacy that sets the gold standard.
how can i get generic cipro
They simplify global healthcare.
Their online portal is user-friendly and intuitive.
pregabalin and gabapentin
A global name with a reputation for excellence.
They bridge the gap between countries with their service.
can i purchase generic lisinopril pill
The staff always ensures confidentiality and privacy.
An excellent choice for all pharmaceutical needs.
cytotec where to buy
Their cross-border services are unmatched.
Their worldwide delivery system is impeccable.
horizant brand of gabapentin
Love their spacious and well-lit premises.
One of the primary components is that you can carry out many different variations of leg presses
to maximise the muscular tissues used. You may
additionally buy one of the combo machines to get the
best of each worlds. As talked about, hack squat machines encompass a sled that runs up and down a monitor on an angle.
What’s more, should you happen to have any upper body accidents however still wish to
obtain an excellent leg exercise, the hack squat will provide
an excellent different when in comparability with compound actions.
Even although the muscle tissue labored are the same, extra of the
stabilisation muscle tissue come into with a barbell squat when compared to the hack squat.
Nonetheless, that’s not to say that hack squat must
be replaced with common squatting. Your quest for power is deeply
personal, and the gear you select ought to reflect that.
We’re here to steer you to the squat machine that resonates together with your
exercise type and fitness objectives. Plus, we’ll share our high picks for the most effective machine across each
squat machine type, ensuring you find your ideal match.
The hack squat is a unbelievable machine for anyone looking to build leg power and muscle.
By following proper kind and progressively overloading your legs,
you’ll be able to see important improvements in your quadriceps, hamstrings, and glutes.
Whether you’re a beginner or a sophisticated lifter, adding the hack squat to your exercise routine will allow
you to level up your leg training. The hack squat is considered one of the handiest workout
routines for building strong, sculpted legs.
Its intuitive mechanics make it user-friendly for each novices and professionals,
encouraging consistent use and adherence to fitness regimes.
The machine’s security locks and non-slip footplate contribute to
a safe workout setting, allowing users to give consideration to their form and execution with out fear.
If your aim is to sculpt powerful quads, sturdy glutes, resilient
hamstrings, and outlined calves, look no additional than the hack squat.
This exercise, a clever twist on the basic barbell squat, employs a specialised machine designed to support your kind.
By leaning back and driving the burden along with your
legs, you’ll find a way to effectively minimize pressure in your lower again whereas honing in on those essential
lower physique muscles. Top leg press machines offer a variety of advantages for
people who need to carry out focused leg workouts without having to buy a squat rack or different free-weights.
Let’s have a look at some of the reasons why you might wish to
consider adding a leg press machine to your own home fitness center equipment collection.
I’ve used this machine in a local fitness facility and was actually impressed by being ready to carry out each leg presses and hack
squats on the same piece of equipment. The belt squat machine is finest for glute activation as a
result of it locations the load immediately on the hips, allowing for a pure squat movement with out straining the again or knees.
There are a lot of advantages of working on hack squat
somewhat than a leg press – a leg press doesn’t work on your upper physique as effectively as a hack squat.
Designed for the house health club enthusiast who doesn’t wish to
compromise on quality, the syedee Calf Elevate Machine solutions the call.
It’s engineered to be compatible with Commonplace plates, making it convenient for these who already possess weight plates.
That Includes a spacious 22’’ x 19’’ diamond-plated footplate, this
machine accommodates customers of all sizes and helps a wide range of muscle-focused workouts.
Whether you’ve broader shoulders or unique stance preferences, the big footboard ensures stability and security, preventing missteps during intense sessions.
Sometimes, the machine is on the market as both a plate loaded
model or a cable model. This makes the hack squat a really versatile train for isolating completely different muscle groups and reaching an efficient
lower physique exercise. By altering the position of your toes you possibly can work the hamstrings,
glutes, adductors, calves as well as the quads.
The hack squat, normally accomplished on a hack squat machine, helps
you to train your hamstrings, quadriceps, and glutes thereby developing your decrease
body energy. Whereas many squat machines are designed to be gentle and simple to
move, some can be a tad more cumbersome.
It’s weighted to stability out the standard rankings and allows us to pinpoint the best presses in three market sections – worth, premium, and cheap.
About 80-90% of individuals I talked to during the last 2 many
years are primarily interested within the leg press station. For example,
the Force USA Ultimate Combo is also a hack-squat, calf-raise, and forward-thrust machine.
Afterwards, you’ll progressively improve the weight as you progress and really feel comfy doing so.
Hack squats are a potent decrease physique exercise that,
if carried out incorrectly, can lead to strain or injury.
This alignment helps distribute the load evenly via the foot, allowing for a stronger and safer carry,
minimizing the danger of knee injuries. If your toes are too far ahead,
too far again, or not evenly spaced, it can pressure the
knees to bear extreme masses, significantly in the event that they travel too far ahead past
the toes. Incorrect foot positioning can lead to imbalances in the course of the exercise,
putting undue stress on the knees. Proper execution of the
hack squat is critical not just for maximizing
muscle progress and strength features but in addition for avoiding injuries.
As A Outcome Of of the value and functionality, it’s no wonder this is probably certainly one
of the most really helpful leg press machines that money can buy.
In this text, we’re highlighting the most effective leg press machines which might be price investing in for any commercial or
house health club setting. Of course, there
are at all times the leg extension machines, which allow you
to to isolate your quads as successfully because the Smith machine hack squat.
You see, the Smith machine features pretty much precisely the same because the hack squat machine.
Its weight slides alongside a onerous and fast rail, shifting only in the up/down aircraft of motion. The Cybex hack squat
is a novel machine that makes use of a concentric motion pattern.
This implies that the load is always being moved in the identical direction, regardless
of the movement part.
References:
anabolic steroids legal
MetaMask Download made easy! Setting up a wallet takes minutes, and it’s perfect for managing Ethereum and NFTs effortlessly.
MetaMask Chrome is a fantastic tool for crypto lovers. It enables easy access to DeFi projects and NFT marketplaces.
MetaMask Download is a must for Web3. The interface is user-friendly, and it allows seamless access to decentralized applications.
MetaMask Extension keeps improving! Regular updates enhance security and performance, making it the best crypto wallet.
MetaMask Extension is my favorite crypto tool. The security features and ease of use make it perfect for both beginners and pros.